Busing (Morgan v. Hennigan) decision finds the Boston public schools “unconstitutionally segregated.”

In his 152-page decision, U.S. District Court Judge W. Arthur declares, “[The Boston School Committee and School Department] knowingly carried out a systematic program of segregation affecting all of the city’s students, teachers and school facilities and have intentionally brought about and maintained a dual school system.” He describes that it was done by creating “feeder systems, manipulating district lines, and establishing different grade structures for schools in different neighborhoods . . . busing, open enrollment, multischool districts, magnet schools, citywide schools and feeder patterns,” that were “antithetical to a neighborhood schools system.” Garrity ruling is upheld by the U.S. Federal Court of Appeals and he subsequently orders a remedy that includes widespread busing of students and is implemented in September 1974.*